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- $Unique_ID{BRK03973}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Marshall-Smith Syndrome}
- $Subject{Marshall-Smith Syndrome MSS Weaver Syndrome Gigantism Sotos Syndrome
- McCune-Albright Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 820:
- Marshall-Smith Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Marshall-Smith
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- MSS
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Weaver Syndrome
- Gigantism
- Sotos Syndrome
- McCune-Albright Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Marshall-Smith Syndrome is characterized by unusually quick physical
- growth and bone development (maturation), usually starting before birth.
- Other symptoms can include respiratory difficulties, mental retardation, and
- certain physical characteristics. (Note: Marshall-Smith Syndrome is not to
- be confused with "Marshall" Syndrome, which is very different from "Marshall-
- Smith" Syndrome).
-
- Symptoms
-
- In patients with Marshall-Smith Syndrome growth and bone development
- (maturation) occur faster than normal. The individual is underweight in
- relation to his or her height and does not thrive well. Other symptoms
- include diminished muscle tone (hypotonia), muscle weakness, hernias in the
- abdomen (umbilical hernias), and/or mental retardation. Slow development of
- voluntary movements (psychomotor retardation) may also occur.
-
- Breathing (respiratory) difficulties commonly occur in patients with
- Marshall-Smith Syndrome. High-pitched noisy breathing which sounds similar
- to the wind blowing (stridor), extension of the neck beyond normal limits
- (hyperextension), or the tongue obstructing the air passage may occur.
-
- Physical characteristics of Marshall-Smith Syndrome include excessive
- hair growth (hypertrichosis), a long head with a prominent forehead,
- prominent eyes, and/or an upturned nose with a low nasal bridge. The white
- of the eye (sclerae) may appear bluish. The angle of the lower jawbone on
- each side of the face as it joins in the front to form the chin (mandibular
- ramus) may be smaller than average. Generally, the bones of the fingertips
- (distal phalanges) are narrow but the rest of the bones in the fingers
- (proximal and middle phalanges) are broad.
-
- Infrequently, the leaf-shaped structure in the throat which normally
- prevents food or liquid from passing into the windpipe (epiglottis) may not
- develop properly in some patients with Marshall-Smith Syndrome. Absent
- and/or smaller than normal openings leading from the nasal passages into the
- post-nasal space (choanal atresia and/or stenosis), an abnormal larynx and/or
- soft cartilage of the larynx (laryngomalacia), a short breastbone (sternum),
- or a deep crease between the big toe (hallux) and second toe may occur in
- some patients.
-
- Occasionally, brain abnormalities such as atrophy (cerebral atrophy),
- larger than normal convolutions of the cerebral cortex (macrogyria), or an
- absent corpus collosum may occur. (For more information on absence of the
- corpus collosum, choose "corpus collosum" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database). Defects in the immune system (immunologic defect) are
- sometimes present. Although rare, some babies with Marshall-Smith Syndrome
- are born with a sac containing part of the intestines protruding outside the
- abdominal wall, with the umbilical cord attached (omphalocele).
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Marshall-Smith Syndrome is unknown. There is no evidence
- that it is genetic.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Marshall-Smith Syndrome is a rare disorder present at birth affecting males
- and females in equal numbers. Symptoms of the syndrome are usually present
- before birth (prenatal onset).
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Weaver Syndrome is similar to Marshall-Smith Syndrome in that growth and bone
- maturation occur faster than normal. However, patients with Weaver Syndrome
- have normal to above normal weight in relation to their height whereas
- patients with Marshall-Smith Syndrome are underweight in relation to their
- height. There are other differences as well. For example, Marshall-Smith
- Syndrome patients have different physical characteristics, respiratory
- difficulties, and other symptoms that patients with Weaver Syndrome do not
- have. (For more information on Weaver Syndrome, choose "Weaver" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Gigantism occurs before puberty and is caused by oversecretion of growth
- hormone. It is characterized by excessive growth during childhood with
- relatively normal body proportions and sexual development. Height sometimes
- reaches 7 or 8 feet. Soft tissues are also enlarged. In extreme cases,
- disease of muscle tissue (myopathy) and abnormalities of nerves distant from
- the brain and spinal cord (peripheral neuropathy) may occur. Certain
- hereditary syndromes such as Klinefelter Syndrome, Marfan Syndrome, and some
- of the lipodystrophies, may include tallness among their symptoms. (For more
- information choose "gigantism, ""giant," or "peripheral neuropathy" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Soto's Syndrome is a rare, hereditary disorder characterized by excessive
- growth (over the 90th percentile) during the first 4 to 5 years of life.
- Abnormalities of the nervous system, including aggressiveness, irritability,
- clumsiness, an awkward gait, and mental retardation sometimes also occur.
- Physical characteristics also include eyes which appear to be abnormally far
- apart (hypertelorism) and slanted. (For more information, choose "Soto" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- McCune-Albright Syndrome (Osteitis Fibrosa Disseminata) is characterized
- by an early (precocious) sexual development, a change in bone integrity
- which produces pain, increasing deformity and disability, and possible
- changes in skin pigmentation. This syndrome involves the endocrine, muscle
- and bone systems. Excessive secretion of growth hormone as well as other
- hormones occurs in some cases. Children with McCune-Albright Syndrome are
- excessively tall during childhood, but their growth stops early and they
- usually don't reach normal height during adulthood. (For more information,
- choose "McCune-Albright" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Marshall-Smith Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive.
- Aggressive treatment of breathing (respiratory) difficulties is necessary.
- Special education and related services will be necessary during school years.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Marshall-Smith Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Human Growth Foundation (HGF)
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O. Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- (703) 883-1773
- (800) 451-6434
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth Lyons
- Jones, M.D.; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 134-135.
-
- MARSHALL-SMITH SYNDROME: NEW ASPECTS. A. M. Roodhooft, et al.;
- Neuropediatrics (Nov 1988; issue 19 (4)). Pp. 179-182.
-
- MARSHALL-SMITH SYNDROME: TWO CASE REPORTS AND A REVIEW OF PULMONARY
- MANIFESTATIONS. J. P. Johnson, et al.; Pediatrics (Feb 1983; issue 71 (2)).
- Pp. 219-223.
-
- THE SYNDROMES OF MARSHALL AND WEAVER. N. Fitch; J Med Genet (Jun 1980;
- issue 17 (3)). Pp. 174-178.
-
-